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U.S. Exports Failed Policies to Afghanistan

Thursday, August 9, 2007

With Afghanistan expected to produce a record opium poppy crop this year, the U.S. has just unveiled a new counternarcotics strategy. Unfortunately, the plan calls for further use of already-failed tactics: an "enhanced carrot and stick" approach, which involves increasing eradication efforts and punishing growers who do not comply with requests to switch to alternative crops.
 
"The so-called 'carrot and stick' approach has failed in every country it has been tried in, including our own," said Bill Piper, director of national affairs for the Drug Policy Alliance. "As long as there is a demand for drugs, there will be a supply to meet it.  Drug prohibition makes plants more valuable than gold."
 
A recent report from the State Department's Office of the Inspector General on counternarcotics programs in Afghanistan contained a pessimistic analysis of existing strategies. The report confirmed that eradication goals "were not realistic," and said that "the assessment team found no realistic possibility of outspending economic incentives in the narcotics industry."

According to the Associated Press, U.N. numbers coming out in September are expected to indicate that Afghanistan's poppy production has risen 15% since 2006 and now accounts for 95% of the world's crop.
 
Meanwhile, the strength of the Taliban in Afghanistan is increasing. At a DPA-hosted forum earlier this year on Capitol Hill, a panel of experts pointed the finger at current counternarcotics policy.
 
Vanda Felbab-Brown of the Brookings Institution said that eradication, the practice of destroying poppy crops, has alienated citizens from the government and pushed them to the Taliban as economic refugees.
 
She also said that efforts to provide alternative crops to farmers have failed because farmers are only able to secure essential micro-credit from local creditors by growing opium crops. This micro-credit allows farmers to buy food, clothing and seed in exchange for pledging to grow a certain amount of opium.
 
Ted Galen Carpenter from the Cato Institute cautioned that a stepped-up anti-opium campaign could destabilize Afghan president Hamid Karzai, whose authority is already precarious, as he is largely backed by the country's farmers.

"The U.S. is dangerously close to turning Afghanistan into the next Iraq," said Piper. "Forced eradication of opium crops is driving poor Afghans into the hands of our enemies, strengthening the Taliban, and feeding the insurgency there. The war on drugs is undermining the war on terror and pushing Afghanistan to the brink of civil war."
 
It is time for a new approach, and several members of Congress have proposed alternatives. Rep. Carnahan (D-MO) has suggested licensing Afghan farmers to grow opium for legal pain medications, similar to the way the international community diminished the drug trafficking problem in India and Turkey. Senator Sununu (R-NH) has suggested the U.S. buy opium crops from the farmers and destroy them. Senator Biden (D-DE) has suggested switching the focus away from hair drug testing  and toward disrupting the cartels that are moving the drugs.

Some experts suggest building roads and schools and providing alternative employment to poor Afghans. Others suggest ending drug prohibition all together.

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